Genetic testing has become a powerful tool for identifying a person’s risk of developing breast cancer, especially for those with a family history of the disease. If you’ve ever wondered about genetic testing as a type of cancer screening, here’s what you need to know about how it works and what steps to take next.
What Is Genetic Testing?
When you undergo genetic testing for breast cancer, you provide a sample of your DNA (usually from blood, saliva, or even skin) to look for mutations in certain genes. The most-well known genes associated with cancer risk are BRCA1 and BRCA2.
When these genes are working properly, they help suppress tumors. But mutations can increase your risk of developing breast (and sometimes ovarian or other) cancers.
Who Should Consider Genetic Testing?
You might be a good candidate for testing if:
- Your family has a history of breast, ovarian, or related cancers
- You have relatives who were diagnosed before age 50
- You have a known BRCA mutation in your family
- You have had breast cancer at a young age or have had more than one type of cancer
If you’re unsure, start by speaking with your primary care doctor or OB/GYN. They can help assess your personal and family history and work with you to create a screening plan.
What Can Genetic Testing Tell You?
- Positive Result: You carry a gene mutation that increases your risk. This doesn’t mean you’ll definitely get cancer, but it does mean you can take proactive steps like more frequent screenings, preventive medications, or considering preventive surgery.
- Negative Result: No known mutations were found. While this doesn’t guarantee you won’t get cancer, it can offer peace of mind and help guide your ongoing care.
- Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS): A change was found in a gene, but we’re not yet sure what it means. In these cases, doctors usually rely on your personal and family history to make decisions.
How Genetic Counseling Helps
Before and after testing, a genetic counselor can walk you through the process, explain your results, and help you understand your options. They’re also a great resource for involving family members, especially if testing reveals a hereditary risk that may affect others.
5 Things to Do If You’re Considering Genetic Testing
- Talk to your doctor — Share your family health history and ask if testing might be right for you.
- Consult a genetic counselor — They can explain your options and what the results may mean for your future.
- Check your insurance coverage — Many plans cover testing for people who meet certain criteria.
- Prepare emotionally — Testing can bring peace of mind, but it may also raise complex emotions. Give yourself space to process.
- Plan next steps — If a mutation is found, you’ll work with your healthcare team to build a personalized care plan.
Early Action Saves Lives
The advancement of genetic testing can help you make more informed decisions about your breast health. If you have a family history or other risk factors, talking with a trusted healthcare provider can help you decide if this option makes sense for you. This October, let Breast Cancer Awareness Month be your reminder to take that first step.
This article is meant for informational purposes only and does not contain professional medical advice. If you have further questions or concerns, contact your primary care provider.