Navigating the complexities of dietary restrictions can be challenging, especially when it comes to understanding conditions like celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Both involve reactions to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, but they affect the body in different ways. Whether you’re a parent concerned about your child’s health, someone experiencing digestive issues, or simply looking to inform yourself, it’s important to distinguish between these two conditions. Let’s break down the key differences, symptoms, diagnosis, and management strategies.

What is Celiac Disease?

May is Celiac Awareness Month! Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease where gluten causes intestinal damage in the small intestine. This damage hinders the absorption of nutrients from food, causing a range of symptoms and—if left untreated—can lead to serious health complications. Even ingesting a small amount of gluten can trigger symptoms.

Symptoms of Celiac Disease

Symptoms of celiac disease can vary greatly and may include:

  • Digestive discomfort (e.g., diarrhea, constipation, bloating, abdominal pain)
  • Anemia or nutritional deficiencies
  • Fatigue
  • Bone or joint pain
  • Cavities
  • Headaches or migraines

What is Gluten Sensitivity?

Gluten sensitivity, also known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), involves a negative reaction to gluten in individuals who do not have celiac disease or a wheat allergy. The symptoms can resemble those of celiac disease, but they do not include the autoimmune response or the same level of intestinal damage.

Celiac Disease vs Gluten Free WFMC Health

Symptoms of Gluten Sensitivity

Common symptoms may include:

  • Bloating, gas, diarrhea, and/or constipation
  • Brain fog or fatigue
  • Joint pain
  • Headaches or migraines

Diagnosing Celiac Disease vs Gluten Sensitivity

Celiac Disease Diagnosis

Diagnosis of celiac disease can involve blood tests looking for specific antibodies, or even a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm the presence of intestinal damage.

Gluten Sensitivity Diagnosis

Diagnosis of gluten sensitivity is typically made by ruling out celiac disease and wheat allergy and assessing whether symptoms improve on a gluten-free diet.

Managing Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity

Dietary Changes

For both conditions, removing gluten from the diet is the primary treatment strategy. This involves avoiding foods that contain wheat, barley, and rye. It’s important to read food labels carefully, as gluten can be hidden in processed foods. Opt for foods that are certified as gluten-free.

Nutritional Support

If you remove foods with gluten in them, you may need to find alternative sources of fiber, iron, calcium, and other nutrients. Consulting with a dietitian can be incredibly helpful, especially as those with celiac disease will need to avoid gluten entirely for the rest of their lives.

Emotional and Social Support

Living with dietary restrictions can be challenging, both emotionally and socially. Finding support through local or online communities can provide valuable tips and encouragement.

Understanding the differences between celiac disease and gluten sensitivity is important for effective management and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If you suspect you or someone in your family may have a negative reaction to gluten, consult with a healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and personalized advice.

This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information, make an appointment with your primary care provider.

This blog post was first published on WFMCHealth.org.