Deciding on a birth control method can feel like navigating a maze with so many options and considerations. Hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptive methods are two broad categories that offer different mechanisms, benefits, and things to consider. Whether you’re planning your family’s future or seeking ways to manage your reproductive health, understanding these options can empower you to make the best choice for your body and lifestyle. Let’s look into some differences between hormonal and nonhormonal birth control to give you a baseline in making an informed decision.

Understanding Hormonal Birth Control

Hormonal birth control methods work by using synthetic hormones to mimic or alter natural hormones in your body. These methods involve estrogen and progestin (or sometimes just progestin). Hormonal birth controls help prevent pregnancy in several ways, including preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and thinning the lining of the uterus. By doing so, they effectively reduce the chance of sperm reaching an egg and implantation occurring.

Types of Hormonal Birth Control

There are several common types of hormonal birth control options available, including:

  • Pills: One of the most well-known forms of hormonal birth control, requiring daily intake. Birth control pills typically stop the body from ovulating, which means an egg doesn’t release from the ovary to be fertilized by sperm in the first place.
  • Hormonal Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): IUDs are T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus. Depending on the brand, hormonal IUDs can be used for 3-8 years before being replaced. IUDs are reversible and able to be removed at any time, and pregnancy can occur as soon as it is removed. 
  • Patches: Birth control patches are applied to the skin and changed weekly for three weeks, with the fourth week being patch-free to allow for a period. They are similar to birth control pills in that they provide estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation.
  • Implants: A birth control implant is a small rod inserted under the skin of the arm, effective for up to 3-4 years. Like IUDs, they are also considered long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).
  • Vaginal Rings: Vaginal rings are a type of hormonal birth control that are inserted into the vaginal canal for three weeks at a time and then removed for your period.
  • Injections: Birth control injections are administered every three months.
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Pros and Cons of Hormonal Birth Control Methods

Pros:

  • Can result in lighter, less painful periods.
  • May reduce the risk of some types of cancers.
  • Highly effective when used as intended.

Cons:

  • Requires a prescription and, in some cases, regular medical visits.
  • May cause side effects like mood changes, weight gain, or nausea.
  • Not suitable for everyone

Exploring Nonhormonal Birth Control

Nonhormonal birth control methods do not involve hormones. Instead, they prevent pregnancy through physical barriers or by monitoring bodily signals to avoid intercourse during ovulation.

Types of Nonhormonal Birth Control

  • Condoms: One of the most common forms of nonhormonal birth control. They provide a barrier to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. Condoms also provide protection against sexually-transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Diaphragms and Cervical Caps: These soft, flexible devices are inserted into the vagina and used to cover the cervix to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. When used with spermicide, they can be quite effective in blocking and killing sperm.
  • Copper IUDs: A hormone-free version of the T-shaped devices that are inserted into the uterus. Instead of dispelling hormones that prevent pregnancy, the copper causes an immune response in the uterus that sperm can’t survive in. Copper IUDs can be effective for up to 10 years before needing to be replaced.
  • Fertility Awareness-Based Methods: Tracking your menstrual cycle through symptoms, body temperature, discharge, and more to avoid intercourse on your most fertile days. No physical device is required for this method, but the efficacy rate can be much lower.

Pros and Cons of Nonhormonal Birth Control Methods

Pros:

  • No hormonal side effects.
  • Some forms, like condoms, also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Suitable for those who prefer or require a hormone-free option due to medical reasons or personal preference.

Cons:

  • Some methods require diligent use and tracking.
  • May have lower effectiveness rates compared to some hormonal methods.
  • Some people find them less convenient or less comfortable.

Making the Choice

Choosing between hormonal and nonhormonal birth control is a deeply personal decision that should be made based on your health, lifestyle, and family planning goals. What works best for one person may not be the right option for another. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss your options, taking into account your medical history, potential side effects, and how each method aligns with your needs.

This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information, make an appointment with your primary care provider.

This blog post was first published on WFMCHealth.org.