January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to spreading knowledge about this preventable and treatable disease. Cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, but thanks to advances in screening and vaccination, rates have significantly declined in recent years.

Despite this progress, myths and misconceptions about HPV and cervical cancer can still prevent people from seeking the care they need. By understanding the facts, you can take proactive steps to protect your health and encourage others to do the same.

The Role of HPV in Cervical Cancer

Most cervical cancers are caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). In fact, approximately 80% of men and women will be infected with HPV at some point in their lifetime. While most infections clear on their own without causing harm, persistent infections can lead to other health problems—including cervical cancer.

The good news is that cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer. The HPV vaccine and regular screenings play a critical role in reducing risk and detecting any issues early.

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Debunking Myths About HPV and Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early, but myths and misinformation can keep women from seeking proper care. Let’s address some common misconceptions.

Myth #1: Cervical cancer is hereditary.

Fact: Most cervical cancers are caused by certain types of HPV and are not linked to family history. Almost every sexually active person will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives. Therefore, regular screenings are important regardless of family history.

Myth #2: The HPV vaccine is only for teens

Fact: While it’s true that the HPV is most effective when given before someone has been exposed to the virus (generally in the pre-teens), adults up to age 45 can benefit from being vaccinated. If you missed the vaccine earlier in life, you can discuss your options with your primary provider.

Myth #3: Men don’t need to worry about HPV.

Fact: HPV affects both men and women. In women, it can lead to cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer; in men, it can lead to cancers of the throat, penis, and anus. Vaccination is recommended for boys and girls to prevent the spread of HPV and reduce cancer risk.

Myth #4: Only individuals who have had multiple sexual partners contract HPV.

Fact: HPV is widespread, and any sexually active person can contract it through skin contact—even with a single partner. HPV infection is not an indicator of promiscuity.

Myth #5: If I have no symptoms, I don’t need a Pap smear.

Fact: HPV infections and early stages of cervical cancer often present without symptoms. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, are integral for early detection and prevention (even if you feel perfectly healthy). Early detection through Pap tests can find abnormal cervical cells before they progress into cancer.

Myth #6: The HPV vaccine is unsafe and has severe side effects, including infertility.

Fact: Extensive research has shown that the HPV vaccine is safe, effective, and does not lead to an increased risk of infertility. The most common side effects are mild, such as soreness at the injection site or a low-grade fever. The vaccine plays a critical role in preventing cervical and other HPV-related cancers.

By dispelling these myths and understanding the realities of HPV and cervical cancer, you can take proactive steps to protect your health and encourage others to do the same. Regular screenings, vaccination, and informed awareness are key components in the fight against cervical cancer.

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Prevention and Awareness

Understanding your options and staying proactive about your health can make a significant difference in reducing your risk of cervical cancer.

Vaccination Against HPV

The HPV vaccine is a powerful tool in preventing cervical cancer, as it protects against the most high-risk strains of the virus. It’s recommended for children as young as 9, with a focus on vaccinating preteens before they are exposed to HPV. However, the vaccine is also effective for young adults up to age 45. If you or your child haven’t received the vaccine, talk to your healthcare provider about getting started.

Routine Screenings

Regular Pap smears and HPV tests are essential for detecting abnormal cervical cells early, before they develop into cancer. Most guidelines recommend starting Pap smears at age 21, with follow-ups every three to five years depending on your age and health history. Combined HPV testing may also be recommended for women over 30. Be sure to discuss your screening options and schedule with your primary care provider.

Lifestyle Choices to Reduce Risk

In addition to vaccination and screenings, there are steps you can take to lower your overall risk:

  • Practice Safe Sex: Using condoms and limiting your number of sexual partners can reduce your risk of exposure to HPV.
  • Avoid Tobacco Use: Smoking has been found to increase the risk of cervical cancer.
  • Maintain a Healthy Immune System: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can support your body’s ability to fight infections like HPV.

Spread Awareness

Cervical Cancer Awareness Month is an opportunity to share important (and factual) information with friends and family. Schedule regular screenings and consider the HPV vaccine for yourself and/or your children. Open conversations about cervical cancer and its preventability can help dispel myths and save lives.

This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information, make an appointment with your primary care provider.

This blog post was first published on WFMCHealth.org.