Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that makes it difficult to breathe over time. COPD affects millions of adults in the United States and is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke or air pollution.

Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve quality of life and help slow the progression of the disease.

What Is COPD?

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, makes breathing harder over time due to inflammation and damage in the lungs. It’s a long-term lung disease that includes two main conditions:

  • Chronic bronchitis, which causes long-term inflammation and mucus buildup in the airways.
  • Emphysema, which damages the air sacs in the lungs, reducing the amount of oxygen that gets into the bloodstream.

These conditions lead to reduced airflow and symptoms like coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Most people with COPD experience a combination of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

What Causes COPD?

Understanding what causes COPD can help you reduce your risk or take control if you’ve already been diagnosed. The disease develops slowly, usually after years of exposure to harmful irritants that damage your lungs. These irritants include:

  • Cigarette smoke (the leading cause in the U.S.)
  • Secondhand smoke
  • Air pollution
  • Workplace exposure to dust, fumes, or chemicals

You don’t have to smoke to develop COPD, but smoking greatly increases your risk. In rare cases, COPD can also be attributed to a genetic disorder called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

COPD WFMC

Common Symptoms

It’s easy to overlook the early signs of COPD, but recognizing these symptoms early can help you take important steps to protect your lung health. Symptoms often develop slowly and worsen over time. Pay attention to the following:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
  • A persistent cough that may produce mucus
  • Wheezing or chest tightness
  • Frequent colds or respiratory infections
  • Fatigue or trouble catching your breath

People often dismiss early symptoms as signs of “just getting older” or being out of shape, which can delay diagnosis.

How COPD Is Diagnosed

If you’re having trouble breathing, simple tests can provide answers. Tests might include:

  • A lung function test to measure how well your lungs are working
  • A chest X-ray or CT scan to check for lung damage
  • Blood tests or other evaluations to rule out other conditions

If the test results point to COPD, getting a diagnosis is a first step towards managing the symptoms and improving your quality of life.

Managing COPD: What You Can Do

While COPD can’t be cured, the good news is that it can be managed. With the right care plan and support, you can maintain a good quality of life and reduce flare-ups.

Quit Smoking (If You Smoke)

If you smoke, quitting is the most important step. It won’t reverse lung damage, but it can slow COPD’s progression and improve your breathing.

Take Prescribed Medications

Your provider may recommend using inhalers to open your airways, medications to reduce inflammation, and antibiotics if you develop infections. Make sure to use medications exactly as prescribed and directed.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation programs combine exercise training, breathing techniques, and education to help you stay active and manage symptoms.

Oxygen Therapy

In more advanced cases, supplemental oxygen may help you stay active and get better sleep.

Avoid Triggers

Limit your exposure to air pollution, secondhand smoke, and respiratory infections by staying indoors on high pollution days, washing your hands frequently, and staying up to date on vaccinations.

Living Well with COPD

Having COPD doesn’t mean giving up on the activities you enjoy. Many people continue to lead full, active lives with the right treatment plan and lifestyle changes. Keep up with your regular checkups and talk to your provider if symptoms worsen.

At WFMC Health, we’re here to support your lung health. Whether you need help quitting smoking or finding the right medication, we’ll work with you to help you breathe easier.

This article is meant for informational purposes only. If you have questions or would like further information, make an appointment with your primary care provider.

This blog post was first published on WFMCHealth.org.